Six months ago, President Obama asked a team of academics, astronauts, and aerospace executives to give him options for the future of the space program. Those options, as described in the Augustine Committee's just-released final report, must have sent a little thrill up our Spock-loving nerd in chief's leg: setting up a lunar base, flying to a Martian moon, etc. There's just one catch: NASA doesn't have the resources it needs to pursue these plans. Exciting proposals for voyages to alien moons aside, the report's attention to dollars and cents makes it a cosmic buzzkill. (Article continues below...)
Though the committee has kind words for commercial-space programs and international partnerships, the fate of America's space adventure seems to depend on an overstretched, debt-saddled public agreeing to cough up more money over more years. When John F. Kennedy faced this dilemma, he used a mix of Cold War fears, national pride, and New Frontier optimism to send Americans hurtling toward the moon. But President Obama can't rehash JFK's arguments and expect that NASA can once again command nearly 5 percent of the federal budget. The Soviet menace—which provided some of the motivation in the 1960s—hasn't been replaced by a comparably terrifying threat from above, nor does the galvanizing effect of Kennedy's assassination apply.
If Obama wants to send us even farther into space than JFK did, he'll need to capture our imaginations: to enchant us with fresh visions of what we'll find out there. But he shouldn't have to do it by himself. President Kennedy wasn't speaking idly when, in his epochal speech kicking off the moon shot, he said that "in a very real sense, it will not be one man going to the moon … it will be an entire nation. For all of us must work to put him there."
Since the work that most needs doing now is stirring up the imagination of the American people about the possibilities of space exploration, a special role falls to the people in the imagination business: our creative artists. This doesn't mean that writers and filmmakers should propagandize on behalf of rocket-fuel appropriations, only that when they do great work about space—for whatever reason they do it—they refocus the public eye heavenward. Too bad they've been doing such a lousy job of it lately.
Our achievements in space have been nudged or nurtured by our culture since long before Alan Shepard reached orbit in his glorified tin can. As Craig Nelson points out in Rocket Men, his recent history of the Apollo program, fiction helped to prime 20th-century scientists' imaginations. "Novelists can rarely be credited with inspiring wholly new avenues of science and technology," he writes of one of Jules Verne's books, "yet all three of rocketry's founding fathers read From the Earth to the Moon, and it changed the course of their lives." Artists also personalize and make comprehensible a cosmos that is unimaginably remote. From the ancient mythmakers who gave us the zodiac to the kids who will sing "Twinkle, Twinkle Little Star" before bedtime tonight, culture has projected contemporary meaning on the blackness of space. It's no accident that the original Star Trek series aired during the three most frenetic years of the Apollo program, both reflecting and helping to shape the New Frontier aspirations of NASA. Closer to home, I wouldn't be writing this essay—and maybe you wouldn't be reading it—without the formative influence at a malleable age of several hundred viewings of The Empire Strikes Back.
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